Respiratory System Notes
Respiration- 2 Types
1 External- the bringing of oxygen from outside the body into the lungs and carbon dioxide removed from the lungs
2 Cellular- oxygen carried by blood cells to the cells of the body and carbon dioxide carried back to the lungs
The air we breath is about 79 percent nitrogen and 20 percent oxygen
Breathing Structures
Nose- warms moistens and filters the air
Trachea- passageway from nose to bronchi
Bronchi -passageway that branch to each lung
Alveoli- Tiny air sac surrounded by capillaries in which oxygen is moved into the red blood cells and carbon dioxide is moved from the blood to the air sac
Cilia- tiny finger like projections that sweep mucus up the respiratory tree.
Mucus - a sticky substance that is produced in the respiratory tree whose job it is to trap dirt.
Diaphragm- Your breathing muscle.
External respiration- we get air into our lungs because of a difference in pressure from the outside of our body and our closed chest cavity.Smoking Notes
Why People Smoke?
Teenagers want to look grown up.
To fit in with peers.
See adults doing it.
To Relax themselves.
Smoking or using chewing tobacco is hazardous to your health. People who use tobacco shorten their life.
Harmful substances in tobacco
1. NICOTINE- a drug found in tobacco
( highly addictive )
it is a stimulant
it raises your blood pressure
increases you heart rate
This drug is the reason that people have such a hard time quitting.
2. Tar- is what is left when the smoke and tobacco particles combine.
It covers the alveoli and causes them to break
A person who smokes one pack of cigarettes a day puts 8 ounces of tar in their alveoli.
3. Carbon Monoxide- a poisonous gas which doesn’t allow oxygen into the blood.
4. Heat of the smoke damages the bronchiole tubes leading to the alveoli.
5. Cilia are destroyed by the gases and substances in the smoke.
Second hand smoke- when you are in a closed area and someone is smoking. If you are in this area for one hour it is as if you smoked one cigarette. Can be
harmful to your health.
Diseases of Smoking
Cancer of the Lung- a rapid growth of cells in the bronchiole tubes forming malignant tumors. These tumors eventually spread to other parts of the body.
178,000 new cases each year- 160,000 die from it each year
90 percent of the people who get lung cancer are smokers.
SYMPTOMS
A cough that doesn’t go away
Chest pain
Hoarseness
Weight Lose and no appetite
Blood sputum
Short of breath
Emphysema The damaging of the alveoli and bronchiole tubes so air becomes trapped in the air sacs and causes them to break . This leave holes in the lungs. Some of the swollen air sacs become filled with mucus that cannot be released. The lungs become larger and force the diaphragm down so it cannot move normally.
Any person who has smoked for a long time will have some form of emphysema.
The major symptom is a shortness of breath.
